Agro-Forestry (Money can be grown on Trees): Ecology with Economy- पैसे पेड़ पर उगाओ

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Agro-Forestry (Money can be grown on Trees):

Ecology with Economy- पैसे पेड़ पर उगाओ

Agroforestry is currently practiced on 13.5 million hectares in India, but its potential is far greater. Agroforestry is also viewed as a means to reduce rural unemployment, with timber production on farms currently generating 450 employment-days per hectare per year in India. Agriculture and forestry can no longer be treated in isolation and linking these two is imperative for socio-economic development in the twenty-first century (FAO, 2016). Prior to the ‘Green Revolution’, the majority of subsistence farming anywhere in the world involved growing of mixed species, usually including trees. Agro-forestry is a land use system, which integrates trees and shrubs on farmlands and rural landscapes to enhance productivity, profitability, diversity and ecosystem sustainability.
          Agro-forestry provides both climate change mitigation and adaptation benefits to farmers. In addition to income from sale of agro-forestry products, trees on farms are a critical component of climate-smart agriculture in many systems. Trees regulate moisture, moderating drought or heavy precipitation, and soil temperature. Trees contribute to soil fertility by adding nutrients in the case of nitrogen-fixing species, and they contribute to increasing soil organic matter. Increasing bio-mass carbon on agricultural lands through agro-forestry.
       They reported that Poplar-based agro-forestry is economically viable and more profitable than many of crop rotations followed in the study area. This land use system is also capable for providing employment opportunities Sustainable development of agro-forestry system needs two types of integration: agriculture with trees and trees with people. These integration must have suitable underlying conditions, which may be technical, economic and social. From a technical perspective, not all combinations of annual and perennial species are viable and certain tree practices or species may overly compete for water and other scarce resources, hence, suitable species and practices must be used.
The Real View of the Agroforestry

             From an economic perspective, farmers may be interested in tree products only, when they do not decrease crop production, or where agro-forestry does not limit their ability to farm with large equipment. In addition, farmers need to be informed about the profitability.
         Two new sub-missions under NMSA along with reforms imparted to the relevant Acts/Rules offer a new policy and programme support to promoting agro-forestry.
         These are:  National Mission on Agro-forestry·  Restructured National Bamboo Mission· The Government of India’s reform initiatives include issue of guidelines entitled “Wood–Based Industries (Establishment and Regulations), 2016” in compliance of the directions contained in the Order dated 5-Oct-2015 of the Supreme Court of India, in respect of rule and regulations for wood-based industries.
          The proper implementation of these guidelines by state governments would help in correcting the distortions in wood market and will be beneficial to all stakeholders, especially the agro-forestry farmers in the country. Various policy issues related to regulations, which affected the cultivation of trees on private land, harvesting, marketing, transportation, utilization and trading. All these brought out in the National Agro-forestry Policy (2014) have been addressed through implementation of Sub-Mission on Agro-forestry (SMAF), 2016.
          Government of India has been giving a special grant to Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh under crop diversification programme (CDP) since 2013-14. The objective has been to diversify rice-wheat system through agro-forestry. Poplar and Eucalypts are among the few tree species promoted under this diversification plan. However, particularly in the state of Punjab, Eucalyptus plantation is encouraged in water-logged areas only. Price risk is an important determinant for area allocation to agro-forestry, which can be minimized through policy research, price forecasting for longer period, strengthening of market intelligence, improvement in supply chain, contract/co-operative farming and reducing the distortion in raw wood markets in the country.

          Agro-forestry model should be specific to size of the farm holdings, soil type and slope of field, capital and labour availability, status of supply chain and market demand of a particular species and over- all marketing infrastructure in a given agro-climatic zone in country.
Manmath Biradar

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India leads the way with agroforestry policy
 World Agroforestry Centre, Prospect of Agroforestry in India - FAO,
India becomes first country to adopt an agroforestry policy,
Growing money on trees:

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